Olahan Larut Lesapan Semi-Aerobik Menggunakan Penjerap Komposit Berasaskan Bahan Mineral Dan Organik [TD795.7. A994 2008 f rb].

Tapak Pelupusan Pulau Burung adalah tapak pelupusan stabil yang menghasilkan larut lesapan matang yang dicirikan oleh kehadiran bahan-bahan organik tegar dengan kandungan nitrogen berammonia yang tinggi. Pulau Burung landfill site is a stable landfill which produces matured leachate that contains high concentration of recalcitrant organic compound and ammoniacal nitrogen

Kerasulan insan kamil membentuk modal insan dalam novel Imam

ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti peranan novel Imam karya Abdullah Hussain sebagai medium untuk mendidik dan membentuk modal insan. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui kajian kepustakaan dengan menganalisis novel Imam sebagai method utama. Novel Imam dianalisis mengikut landasan prinsip kedua Teori Takmilah, iaitu Prinsip Kerasulan sebagai Insan Kamil dengan memberikan fokus kepada peristiwa-peristiwa yang berlaku dalam novel Imam yang dapat membentuk modal insan dan wajar diteladani. Perbincangan dalam kajian ini tertumpu kepada tiga konsep keinsanan, iaitu konsep insan khalifah, insan Rabbani dan insan Kamil yang dimiliki oleh watak-watak dalam novel Imam. Kajian yang dijalankan membuktikan  bahawa novel Imam mengandungi nilai-nilai murni yang wajar dicontohi. Sejajar dengan itu, novel Imam perlu diiktiraf dan diangkat sebagai  teks kesusasteraan di sekolah kerana amat sesuai dijadikan bahan bacaan yang dapat membantu ke arah pembentukan modal insan. Kata kunci: prinsip kerasulan, insan Kamil, modal insan, Imam    ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the role of Imam novel Abdullah Hussain’s novel as a medium for educating and shaping human capital. This study was conducted through a literature review by analyzing the novel Imam as the main method. The Imam novel is analyzed in conjunction with  the second principle of Takmilah Theory, the Principle Mercy as the Kamil Insan, by focusing on the events which must be dealt with and it can shape the development of human capital. The discussion in this study is focusing on three concepts of human nature, namely the concept of the Caliphate, the Rabbani and the Kamil people those are possessed by the characters in the Imam novel. Pure values as well as the rich teaching which the creators emphasize and try to convey through their characters. The character or the community background is very helpful in the formation of pure values in society. Research has shown that the Imam novel contains pure values which are benefited for emulation. In addition, the study also proves that the Imam novel is a great masterpiece. In line with this, the novels needs to be taken up and highlighted as a literary text in school to build the core of the nation’s identity while establishing a well-rounded human capital. Keywords: principle of apostasy, Kamil people, human capital, Ima

Micro-peat as a potential low-cost adsorbent material for COD and NH3-N removal

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property

Synthesis of palm oil based polyol via glycerolysis and transamidation reactions for polyurethane foam production

Renewable sources like vegetable oil have been used to prepare many polymeric resins due to the awareness on environmental issue and depletion on petrochemical sources. In polyurethane (PU) production, petroleum-based polyols such as polypropylene glycol (PPG) have been replaced with plant-based polyols from canola oil, soybean oil and palm oil. However, these vegetable oils need to be chemically or physically modified in order to increase their functionalities especially hydroxyl groups. In this study, palm oil (PO) had been modified via two different reaction routes, namely, glycerolsis and transamidation. FTIR spectra of both routes confirmed that the hydroxyl groups (-OH) had been successfully introduced into the palm oil molecular structure. The modified PO was then be reacted with p-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) at 1:1 NCO:OH ratio in the presence of distilled water as blowing agent and silicone surfactant as foam stabilizer to produce palm oil based PU foam. Hardness test was conducted to study type of PU foam produced. Both foams exhibited nearly similar values at shore D 33.6 and 35.4 respectively, which these values fall within the range of rigid PU foam (shore D 30-59). The foams have potential to be used in many non-load bearing application such as insulator in building and refrigerator

Evaluation of dissolved heavy metals in water of the Sungai Semenyih (Peninsular Malaysia) using environmetric methods

The study to determine the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the Sungai Semenyih and to use the environmetric methods to evaluate the influence of different pollution sources on heavy metals concentrations was carried out. Cluster analysis (CA) classified 8 sampling stations into two clusters based on the similarity of sampling stations characteristics, cluster 1 included stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 (low pollution area), whereas cluster 2 comprised of stations 5, 6, 7 and 8 (high pollution area). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the two datasets yield two factors for low pollution area and three factors for the high pollution area at Eigenvalues >1, representing 92.544% and 100% of the total variance in each heavy metals data sets and allowed to gather selected heavy metals based on the anthropogenic and lithologic sources of contamination

Taguchi method for development of mass flow rate correlation using hydrocarbon refrigerant mixture in capillary tube

The capillary tube is an important control device used in small vapor compression refrigeration systems such as window air-conditioners, household refrigerators and freezers. This paper develops a non-dimensional correlation based on the test results of the adiabatic capillary tube for the mass flow rate through the tube using a hydrocarbon refrigerant mixture of 89.3% propane and 10.7% butane (HCM). The Taguchi method, a statistical experimental design approach, was employed. This approach explores the economic benefit that lies in studies of this nature, where only a small number of experiments are required and yet valid results are obtained. Considering the effects of the capillary tube geometry and the inlet condition of the tube, dimensionless parameters were chosen. The new correlation was also based on the Buckingham Pi theorem. This correlation predicts 86.67% of the present experimental data within a relative deviation of -10% to +10%. The predictions by this correlation were also compared with results in published literature

Treatment of biodiesel wastewater using ferric chloride and ferric sulfate

The production of biodiesel through the transesterification method produces a large amount of wastewater that contains high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease. In this study, coagulation was adopted to treat the biodiesel wastewater. Two types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e. ferric chloride and ferric sulfate. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined at 150 rpm of rapid mixing and 20 rpm slow mixing and 30 min settling time, higher removal of SS (over 80%), colour (over 80%), COD (over 50%) and Oil and Grease (over 90%) were achieved at pH 6. Ferric Chloride was found to be superior was observed at reasonable lower amount of coagulant i.e. 300 mg/L. The result indicated that coagulation and flocculation process had contributed bigger roles in integrated treatment system

Vitamin K status in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3-5 and its effects on chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disorder

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is common in Malaysia. Vitamin K deficiency among DKD patients may be associated with higher incidence of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of vitamin K deficiency in diabetic patients with CKD stage 3-5. We also correlated vitamin K deficiency with baseline demographic, biochemical results and analysed the effects of vitamin K levels on CKD-MBD. This was a single centre cross-sectional study on diabetic patients with CKD stage 3-5. Demographic profiles were recorded, blood samples were measured for vitamin K level (phylloquinone, proteins induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), prothrombin time) and bone markers (parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, corrected calcium and phosphate). This study was approved by UKM ethic and research committee (FF-2018-375). Forty-five patients with a median age of 70 (IQR:13) years were recruited. Majority were females (53.3%) and Malays (64.4%). Prevalence of patients with insufficient vitamin K was 28.9 % based on the low level of phylloquinone (0.66 ng/mL) and 2.2% based on prolonged prothrombin time (>14.5 s). PIVKA-II was found to be positively correlated with serum creatinine and PTH levels. There were positive correlations between phylloquinone with serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Prothrombin time was found to be negatively correlated with corrected calcium and total cholesterol. Malay race (p = 0.039) and high serum PTH (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with higher PIVKA-II concentrations. Multivariable analysis showed serum triglyceride (OR 0.112; CI 95 % (0.02-0.66); p = 0.017) and serum PTH (OR 1.997; CI 95 % (1.01-3.95); p = 0.047) were independent predictors for abnormal phylloquinone and PIVKA-II levels, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of Vitamin K deficiency was high in diabetic patients with CKD stage 3-5. Serum triglyceride and serum PTH were independent predictor of Vitamin K deficiency

Penyingkiran boron daripada larutan akuas menggunakan penjerap komposit berasaskan karbon-mineral (Boron removal from aqueous solutions using composite adsorbent based on carbon-mineral)

Penyingkiran boron dalam larutan akuas secara penjerapan telah dikaji dengan menggunakan penjerap komposit yang menggabungkan zeolit, batu kapur, karbon teraktif dan buangan arang sekam padi. Parameter optimum seperti pH, masa sentuhan optimum dan dos bahan penjerap dikaji. Kajian isoterma penjerapan dan kinetik penjerapan turut dijalankan. Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan penyingkiran boron paling optimum berlaku pada pH5 dan masa sentuhan optimum ialah pada minit ke 120. Dos optimum bagi penyingkiran boron dalam larutan akuas ialah pada dos 280 g/L dan penyingkiran yang dapat dilakukan ialah sebanyak 50.49%. Dalam kajian isoterma, model isoterma Langmuir dan Freundlich telah diaplikasikan dan hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa kajian isoterma penjerapan adalah mematuhi model isoterma Langmuir (R2 = 0.8792). Nilai kapasiti penjerapan maksimum (qm) yang diperoleh daripada model isoterma Langmuir adalah 1.8985 mg/g. Kajian kinetik penjerapan dijalankan untuk mengetahui mekanisme proses penjerapan dan hasil kajian menunjukkan kadar kinetik bagi penjerapan boron ini adalah mematuhi model kinetik tertib kedua. Pekali korelasi yang diperoleh untuk model kinetik tertib kedua ini adalah 0.9929. Ini mencadangkan bahawa kinetik penjerapan boron adalah dipengaruhi oleh proses kimia

Primary Treatment of Dye Wastewater Using Aloe Vera-aided Aluminium and Magnesium Hybrid Coagulants

AbstractHybrid coagulants, aluminium sulphate-Aloe vera (ALAV) and magnesium sulphate-Aloe vera (MGAV) were prepared for the primary treatment of methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater treatment through coagulation-flocculation process. The effects of the independent factors and their interaction on the dye removal (%) were determined using two independent factors, i.e. pH and dosage based on 22 full factorial design. All the independent factors and their interaction were significant in removing dye. The dye removal (%) for both ALAV and MGAV were then optimized through central composite design. ALAV was able to remove 50–55% of dye while MGAV was able to remove 60-70% of dye. Therefore, MGAV was proven to be a more effective hybrid coagulant in removing dye